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The Zuni tribe lived in multi level adobe houses. In addition to the reservation, the tribe owns trust lands in Catron County, New Mexico, and Apache County, Arizona. [2] The Zuni call their homeland Halona Idiwan’a or Middle Place. [3] The word Zuni is believed to derive from the Western Keres language word sɨ̂‧ni, or a cognate thereof.
The main reservation is surrounded by the Painted Cliffs, the Zuni Mountains, and the Cibola National Forest. The reservation's total land area is 723.343 sq mi (1,873.45 km 2). As noted above, the Zuni Tribe also has land holdings in Apache County, Arizona, and Catron County, New Mexico, that do not border the main reservation.
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Hawikuh is located within the boundaries of the Zuni Indian Reservation near Zuni, New Mexico. [7] The ruins of Hawikuh were excavated during 1917-23 by the Heye Foundation under the leadership of Frederick Webb Hodge , who was assistant director of the Museum of the American Indian, New York .
Zuni Public Schools, established in 1980, operates schools serving the community. Prior to 1980 it was in the Gallup-McKinley County Schools. [12] Zuni High School is the zoned high school. St. Anthony School, Zuni (K-8), of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gallup, is in Zuni Pueblo. The school began operations on September 3, 1923.
The Zuni-Cibola Complex is a collection of prehistoric and historic archaeological sites on the Zuni Pueblo in western New Mexico. It comprises Hawikuh, Yellow House, Kechipbowa, and Great Kivas, all sites of long residence and important in the early Spanish colonial contact period. It was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1974. [2]
Zuni National Forest was established by the U.S. Forest Service in Arizona and New Mexico on March 2, 1909 with 670,981 acres (2,715.36 km 2) from parts of the Zuni and Navajo and other tribal lands. On September 10, 1914 Zuni was transferred to Manzano National Forest. The lands are now part of the Cibola National Forest. [1]