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For common tape measurements, the tape used is a steel tape with coefficient of thermal expansion C equal to 0.000,011,6 units per unit length per degree Celsius change. This means that the tape changes length by 1.16 mm per 10 m tape per 10 °C change from the standard temperature of the tape.
Luminance meter for measuring luminance, i.e. luminous flux per unit area and unit solid angle; Light meter, an instrument used to set photographic exposures. It can be either a lux meter (incident-light meter) or a luminance meter (reflected-light meter), and is calibrated in photographic units. Integrating sphere for collecting the total ...
pound (mass) per yard: used in the North American railway industry for the linear density of rails; pound (mass) per foot; pound (mass) per inch; tex, a unit of measure for the linear density of fibers, defined as the mass in grams per 1,000 meters; denier, a unit of measure for the linear density of fibers, defined as the mass in grams per ...
It may be quantified in terms of an angle (angular displacement) or a distance (linear displacement). A longitudinal deformation (in the direction of the axis) is called elongation . The deflection distance of a member under a load can be calculated by integrating the function that mathematically describes the slope of the deflected shape of ...
The solid angle of a sphere measured from any point in its interior is 4 π sr. The solid angle subtended at the center of a cube by one of its faces is one-sixth of that, or 2 π /3 sr. The solid angle subtended at the corner of a cube (an octant) or spanned by a spherical octant is π /2 sr, one-eight of the solid angle of a sphere. [1]
Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque [1] [2].Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation [5], and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position [6].
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...
The only way to support the weight of this veneer across a wide opening is by providing a shelf angle on which the masonry bears. [1] The shelf angle, in turn, is attached to major elements of the building structure such as floor beams or structural columns. Shelf angles are in reality a horizontal expansion joint which allows growth of the ...