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The Lost Library of the Moscow Tsars, also known as the "Golden Library", is a library speculated to have been assembled by Grand Duke Ivan III (the Great) of Russia (r. 1460–1505) in the 16th century. It is also known as the Library of Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible), who is
The library was founded on 1 July 1862, as Moscow's first free public library and as a part of the Moscow Public Museum and Rumyantsev Museum, or in short the Rumyantsev library. [ 14 ] The Rumyantsev Museum part of the complex housed the historical collection of Count Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev , which had been given to the Russian people ...
Later in the 1910s, Stelletskii began searching for the Library of Ivan the Terrible, even though historians doubted the existence of the supposed library. He attempted to obtain permission to conduct excavations in the Moscow Kremlin ; however, the Tsarist government did not allow him to.
This testimony is the earliest known reference of a collection of ancient manuscripts belonging to the Russian tsars which has never been found, also referred to as The Lost Library of the Moscow Tsars. [5] This lost library later became a favorite research topic of early 20th century Russian archaeologist Ignatius Stelletskii. [46]
Since Moscow was the only independent Orthodox power following the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, its rulers had already taken the first symbolic steps toward becoming an empire by marrying into the Byzantine imperial dynasty, adopting the double-headed eagle as their symbol, and adopting the title of tsar .
It is also informally known as the Tsar Book (Царь-книга), in an analogy with Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The set of manuscripts was commissioned by tsar Ivan the Terrible [ 3 ] and was made by group of anonymous manuscript illuminators in tsar palace in Alexandrovskaya Sloboda and Moscow.
Reflecting Moscow's new imperial claims, Ivan's coronation as Tsar was a ritual modeled after those of the Byzantine emperors. With the continuing assistance of a group of boyars, Ivan began his reign with a series of useful reforms. In the 1550s, he declared a new law code, revamped the military, and reorganized local government.
The Time of Troubles came to a close with the election of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613. [95] Michael officially reigned as tsar, though his father, the patriarch Philaret (died 1633) initially held de facto power. However, Michael's descendants would rule Russia, first as tsars and later as emperors, until the Russian Revolution of 1917.