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The eggs measure 50 to 60 μm by 20 to 30 μm, and have a thick shell flattened on one side. [18] The small size and colourlessness of the eggs make them invisible to the naked eye, except in barely visible clumps of thousands of eggs. Eggs may contain a developing embryo or a fully developed pinworm larva. [18] The larvae grow to 140–150 μm ...
Histomonas meleagridis reproduces by binary fission.The free trophozoites are very delicate and can survive only for a few hours in the external environment. However, when they are transmitted between flocks in the eggs of Heterakis gallinarum, a cecal nematode, which in turn can be transmitted by earthworms that ingested the nematode eggs, they gain entry into the nematode eggs.
A third method of diagnosis is examining a sample from under their fingernails under a microscope as itching around the anal area is common and therefore they may have collected some eggs under their nails as a result. [23] Pinworms do not lay eggs in the feces, [21] but sometimes eggs are deposited in the intestine. [19]
Egg formation in M. javanica has been studied in detail, [22] and is similar to egg formation in the well studied, free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. [23] Embryogenesis has also been studied, and the stages of development are easily identifiable with a phase contrast microscope following preparation of an egg mass squash.
Nematode sperm is thought to be the only eukaryotic cell without the globular protein G-actin. [49] Eggs may be embryonated or unembryonated when passed by the female, meaning their fertilized eggs may not yet be developed. A few species are known to be ovoviviparous. The eggs are protected by an outer shell, secreted by the uterus.
The direct counting of nematode eggs in feces is the method of choice for yearling animals, whereas in adult animals it may yield high variability due to a cow's immunity and low egg output. [41] Other biochemical methods have been developed to help more accurately diagnose O. ostertagi parasitism. These include the determination of specific ...
Haemonchus contortus, also known as the barber's pole worm, is a very common parasite and one of the most pathogenic nematodes of ruminants.Adult worms attach to abomasal mucosa and feed on the blood.
In egg-laying hens, heavy infection significantly reduces egg production. Diagnosis commonly is through the presence of eggs in host feces. Effective treatment is by using mebendazole, which is normally distributed to a flock of birds in their food and water. In addition, rearing the birds on hardware cloth assists in the elimination this parasite.