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Worm bagging (also referred to as facultative vivipary or endotokia matricida) is a form of vivipary observed in nematodes, namely Caenorhabditis elegans. The process is characterized by eggs hatching within the parent and the larvae proceeding to consume and emerge from the parent. [1]
Eggs are excreted in the urine via the renal pelvis. These eggs are oval to cylindrical, yellow-brown, thick-walled, with a rough, knobbed surface, and 71-84 × 45-52 μm in size. [46] The eggs embryonate within two weeks to three months, depending on the ambient temperature, and then become infectious to intermediate hosts. [47]
Histomonas meleagridis reproduces by binary fission.The free trophozoites are very delicate and can survive only for a few hours in the external environment. However, when they are transmitted between flocks in the eggs of Heterakis gallinarum, a cecal nematode, which in turn can be transmitted by earthworms that ingested the nematode eggs, they gain entry into the nematode eggs.
These eggs have a strong shell that protects them against a range of environmental conditions. The eggs can therefore survive in the environment for many months or years. Many of the worms referred to as helminths are intestinal parasites. An infection by a helminth is known as helminthiasis, helminth infection, or intestinal worm infection ...
Caenorhabditis elegans (/ ˌ s iː n oʊ r æ b ˈ d aɪ t ə s ˈ ɛ l ə ɡ æ n s / [6]) is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments. [7] It is the type species of its genus. [8] The name is a blend of the Greek caeno-(recent), rhabditis (rod-like) [9] and Latin elegans (elegant).
The eggs measure 50 to 60 μm by 20 to 30 μm, and have a thick shell flattened on one side. [18] The small size and colourlessness of the eggs make them invisible to the naked eye, except in barely visible clumps of thousands of eggs. Eggs may contain a developing embryo or a fully developed pinworm larva. [18] The larvae grow to 140–150 μm ...
Root-knot nematode females lay eggs into a gelatinous matrix produced by six rectal glands and secreted before and during egg laying. [19] The matrix initially forms a canal through the outer layers of root tissue and later surrounds the eggs, providing a barrier to water loss by maintaining a high moisture level around the eggs. [20]
Haemonchus contortus, also known as the barber's pole worm, is a very common parasite and one of the most pathogenic nematodes of ruminants.Adult worms attach to abomasal mucosa and feed on the blood.