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Anaximander. The main features of Archaic Greek cosmology are shared with those found in ancient near eastern cosmology.They include (a flat) earth, a heaven (firmament) where the sun, moon, and stars are located, an outer ocean surrounding the inhabited human realm, and the netherworld (), the first three of which corresponded to the gods Ouranos, Gaia, and Oceanus (or Pontos).
The history of southern constellations is not straightforward. Different groupings and different names were proposed by various observers, some reflecting national traditions or designed to promote various sponsors. Southern constellations were important from the 14th to 16th centuries, when sailors used the stars for celestial navigation.
Cassiopeia (listen ⓘ) is a constellation and asterism in the northern sky named after the vain queen Cassiopeia, mother of Andromeda, in Greek mythology, who boasted about her unrivaled beauty. Cassiopeia was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century Greek astronomer Ptolemy , and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today.
A few of the constellation names in use in modern astronomy can be traced to Babylonian sources via Greek astronomy. Among the most ancient constellations are those that marked the four cardinal points of the year in the Middle Bronze Age, i.e. Taurus "The Bull", from (𒀯𒄞𒀭𒈾) MUL GU 4.AN.NA "The Steer of Heaven", marking vernal equinox
Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; [1] it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek ... (meaning the Big ...
Another important element of early Greek cosmology that would distinguish it from the ancient Greek astronomy that would come to dominate in later centuries was the emphasis on the role of the gods in the past and ongoing history of man and the mythological nature of the surrounding world. [5]
Argo Navis is known from Greek texts, which derived it from Egypt around 1000 BC. [4] Plutarch attributed it to the Egyptian "Boat of Osiris." [4] Some academics theorized a Sumerian origin related to the Epic of Gilgamesh, a hypothesis rejected for lack of evidence that Mesopotamian cultures considered these stars, or any portion of them, to ...
Aristarchus of Samos (/ ˌ æ r ə ˈ s t ɑːr k ə s /; Ancient Greek: Ἀρίσταρχος ὁ Σάμιος, Aristarkhos ho Samios; c. 310 – c. 230 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who presented the first known heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the universe, with the Earth revolving around the Sun once a year and rotating about its axis once a day.