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Chloroquine retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy (damage of the retina) caused by the drugs chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are sometimes used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This eye toxicity limits long-term use of the drugs. [3]
Mutations in the gene have also been identified as the cause of human Type IV oculocutaneous albinism. [14] SLC45A2 is the so-called cream gene responsible in horses for buckskin, palomino and cremello coloration, while a mutation in this gene underlies the white tiger variant. [ 15 ]
Several chemicals have been shown to be effective in skin whitening, while some have proven to be toxic or have questionable safety profiles. This includes mercury compounds which may cause neurological problems and kidney problems. [1] In a number of African countries, between 25 and 80% of women regularly use skin whitening products. [2]
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Hyperpigmentation can be caused by sun damage, inflammation, or other skin injuries, including those related to acne vulgaris. [1] [2] [3]: 854 People with darker skin tones are more prone to hyperpigmentation, especially with excess sun exposure. [4] Many forms of hyperpigmentation are caused by an excess production of melanin. [4]
The medical journal The Lancet on Thursday retracted a large study on the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 because of potential flaws in the research data. Thursday's retraction doesn't ...
Hyperpigmentation results from an increase in melanin synthesis, which is mostly brought on by sun exposure, dermatological disorders, hormones, aging, genetic factors, skin injuries or inflammation, and acne. Sun exposure, which greatly increases the synthesis of melanin, is the most common cause of hyperpigmentation. [4]
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a skin condition characterized by the darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation) following an inflammatory injury, such as acne, dermatitis, infectious disease, or trauma. Less frequently, it may occur as a complication of a medical procedure performed on the skin. It is a common cause of skin ...