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In catalytic converters used on automobiles, the combustion of leaded gasoline produces elemental lead, lead(II) oxide, lead(II) chloride, and lead(II) bromide. Lead alloys with the metals present in the catalyst, while lead oxides and halides coat the catalyst's surfaces, reducing the converter's ability to reduce NOx emissions.
A three-way catalytic converter on a gasoline-powered 1996 Dodge Ram Simulation of flow inside a catalytic converter. A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.
Inefficient catalytic converter under cold conditions: Catalytic converters are very inefficient until warmed up to their operating temperature. This time has been much reduced by moving the converter closer to the exhaust manifold and even more so placing a small yet quick-to-heat-up converter directly at the exhaust manifold.
“By some studies, catalytic converter theft has increased some tenfold” in recent years, the governor said. Catalytic converter theft is a huge problem. Will legislation signed by Gavin Newsom ...
Vision problems. Loss of muscle control. What should you do if you smell natural gas in your home? If you think there is a gas leak in your home, you should evacuate immediately, according to Duke ...
The main drawback of lean-burning is that a complex catalytic converter system is required to reduce NOx emissions. Lean-burn engines do not work well with modern 3-way catalytic converter —which require a pollutant balance at the exhaust port so they can carry out oxidation and reduction reactions—so most modern engines tend to cruise and ...
x level in the exhaust gas (before catalytic converter, after catalytic converter, and possibly between catalytic converters if there is more than one), current ammonia filling level, [11] engine operating temperature and speed. [12]
Long-term complications may include chronic fatigue, trouble with memory, and movement problems. [5] CO is a colorless and odorless gas which is initially non-irritating. [5] It is produced during incomplete burning of organic matter. [5] This can occur from motor vehicles, heaters, or cooking equipment that run on carbon-based fuels. [1]