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While commonly in the form of dietary supplements, nutraceuticals or energy drinks, [2] some nootropic compounds are prescription and non-prescription drugs in various countries. In the United States, nootropics are commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition.
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, [1] as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid prescription. In many countries, OTC drugs are selected by a regulatory agency to ensure that they ...
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries presently uses herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care. [15] Some prescription drugs have a basis as herbal remedies, including artemisinin, [16] digitalis, quinine and taxanes.
An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is an official generic and nonproprietary name given to a pharmaceutical substance or an active ingredient. [1] INNs are intended to make communication more precise by providing a unique standard name for each active ingredient, to avoid prescribing errors. [2]
The first list was published in 1977 and included 208 medications. [8] [2] [9] The WHO updates the list every two years. [10] There are 306 medications in the 14th list in 2005, [11] 410 in the 19th list in 2015, [10] 433 in the 20th list in 2017, [12] [13] 460 in the 21st list in 2019, [14] [15] [16] and 479 in the 22nd list in 2021.
As different drugs have different effects, they may be used for different reasons. According to the self-medication hypothesis (SMH), the individuals' choice of a particular drug is not accidental or coincidental, but instead, a result of the individuals' psychological condition, as the drug of choice provides relief to the user specific to his or her condition.
Pharmascience Canada is a division of Pharmascience Inc. which has two types of products: private labels and Over-the-Counter drugs (OTC). Pharmascience Canada provides private label non-prescription drugs to major Canadian grocery and drugstore chains, as well as to distributors.
A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Drug therapy ( pharmacotherapy ) is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for ...