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Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) consist of materials, usually industrial wastes or by-products enriched with radioactive elements found in the environment, such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products, such as radium and radon. [1]
A paper has been written on the radioactivity in oysters found in the Irish Sea, these were found by gamma spectroscopy to contain 141 Ce, 144 Ce, 103 Ru, 106 Ru, 137 Cs, 95 Zr and 95 Nb. [citation needed] In addition, a zinc activation product (65 Zn) was found, this is thought to be due to the corrosion of magnox fuel cladding in cooling ...
The actinide series is a group of chemical elements with atomic numbers ranging from 89 to 102, [note 1] including notable elements such as uranium and plutonium.The nuclides (or isotopes) thorium-232, uranium-235, and uranium-238 occur primordially, while trace quantities of actinium, protactinium, neptunium, and plutonium exist as a result of radioactive decay and (in the case of neptunium ...
Radium, like radon, is radioactive and is found in small quantities in nature and is hazardous to life if radiation exceeds 20-50 mSv/year. Radium is a decay product of uranium and thorium. [2] Radium may also be released into the environment by human activity: for example, in improperly discarded products painted with radioluminescent paint.
The next group is the primordial radioactive nuclides. These have been measured to be radioactive, or decay products have been identified in natural samples (tellurium-128, barium-130). There are 35 of these (see these nuclides), of which 25 have half-lives longer than 10 13 years. With most of these 25, decay is difficult to observe and for ...
Radioactive nonprimordial, but naturally occurring on Earth. 61 347 Carbon-14 (and other isotopes generated by cosmic rays) and daughters of radioactive primordial elements, such as radium, polonium, etc. 41 of these have a half life of greater than one hour. Radioactive synthetic half-life ≥ 1.0 hour). Includes most useful radiotracers. 662 989
In a 1999 report by the International Atomic Energy Agency titled "Inventory of radioactive waste disposals at sea," a grainy map shows that at least 56,261 containers of radioactive waste were ...
Radioactive contamination, also called radiological pollution, is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids, or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable (from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) definition).