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Phosphorescent materials were discovered in the 1700s, and people have been studying them and making improvements over the centuries.The development of strontium aluminate pigments in 1993 was spurred on by the need to find a substitute for glow-in-the-dark materials with high luminance and long phosphorescence, especially those that used promethium.
Strontium aluminate is frequently used in glow in the dark toys, as it is chemically and biologically inert. [69] Strontium salts are added to fireworks in order to create red colors. Strontium carbonate and other strontium salts are added to fireworks to give a deep red colour. [70] This same effect identifies strontium cations in the flame test.
Fission product yields by mass for thermal neutron fission of U-235 and Pu-239 (the two typical of current nuclear power reactors) and U-233 (used in the thorium cycle). This page discusses each of the main elements in the mixture of fission products produced by nuclear fission of the common nuclear fuels uranium and plutonium.
hydrogen-5: 86(6) lithium-4: 91(9) hydrogen-4: 139(10) nitrogen-10: 143(36) oxygen-11: 198(12) helium-10: 260(40) hydrogen-6: 294(67) lithium-5: 370(30) fluorine-14: 500(60) boron-7: 570(14) nitrogen-11: 585(7) helium-5: 602(22) beryllium-16: 650(130) hydrogen-7: 652(558) nitrogen-11m: 690(80) boron-21 > 760: neon-15: 770(300) beryllium-15: 790 ...
Strontium oxide aluminate based pigments are now used in exit signs, pathway marking, and other safety related signage. Strontium aluminate based afterglow pigments are marketed under brandnames like Super-LumiNova , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Watchlume Co, [ 4 ] NoctiLumina, [ 5 ] and Glow in the Dark (Phosphorescent) Technologies.
A number of aluminate oxyanions are known: The simplest is the approximately tetrahedral AlO 5− 4 found in the compound Na 5 AlO 4, [2] framework AlO − 2 ions in anhydrous sodium aluminate NaAlO 2 [3] and monocalcium aluminate, CaAl 2 O 4 made up of corner-sharing {AlO 4} tetrahedra. [4] A ring anion, the cyclic Al 6 O 18−
In the case of the hydrogen isotope tritium (half-life = 12.3 years) and carbon-14 (half-life = 5,730 years), these isotopes derive their importance from all organic life containing hydrogen and carbon and therefore can be used to study countless living processes, reactions, and phenomena.
The latest generation of the radioluminescent materials is based on tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen with half-life of 12.32 years that emits very low-energy beta radiation. The devices are similar to a fluorescent tube in construction, as they consist of a hermetically sealed (usually borosilicate-glass) tube, coated inside with a ...