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The vitelline membrane or vitelline envelope is a structure surrounding the outer surface of the plasma membrane of an ovum (the oolemma) or, in some animals (e.g., birds), the extracellular yolk and the oolemma. It is composed mostly of protein fibers, with protein receptors needed for sperm binding which, in turn, are bound to sperm plasma ...
The insect vitelline envelope is the outer proteinaceous layer outside the oocyte and egg. The vitelline envelope, not being a cellular structure, is commonly referred to as a membrane. However, this is a technical misnomer as the structure is composed of protein and is not a cellular component. It varies in thickness between different insects ...
The yolk mass, together with the ovum proper (after fertilization, the embryo) are enclosed by the vitelline membrane, whose structure is different from a cell membrane. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The yolk is mostly extracellular to the oolemma , being not accumulated inside the cytoplasm of the egg cell (as occurs in frogs ), [ 4 ] contrary to the claim that ...
The vitelline membrane consists of two major layers found below the ovary and the outer layer found in the oviduct. This membrane supports the yolk and separates from the albumen, or egg white. The proteins that primarily compose the vitelline membrane are the lysozyme and ovomucin foundational for membrane growth during embryonic development ...
Vitelline circulation, the system of blood flowing between an embryo and its yolk sac; Vitelline cyst, a developmental defect relating to the closure of the vitelline duct; Vitelline duct, a tube that joins the yolk sac to the midgut lumen of a human embryo; Vitelline membrane, membrane surrounding an ovum
The zona pellucida is a translucent matrix of cross-linked glycoprotein filaments that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and is 6.5–20 μm thick depending on the species. Its formation, which depends on a conserved zona pellucida-like (ZP) module that mediates the polymerization of egg coat components, [2] is critical to successful fertilization. [3]
These contents digest the jelly coat and eventually the vitelline membrane. In addition to the release of acrosomal vesicles, there is explosive polymerisation of actin to form a thin spike at the head of the sperm called the acrosomal process. The sperm binds to the egg through another ligand reaction between receptors on the vitelline ...
In the human embryo, the vitelline duct, also known as the vitellointestinal duct, [1] the yolk stalk, [1] the omphaloenteric duct, [1] or the omphalomesenteric duct, [1] is a long narrow tube that joins the yolk sac to the midgut lumen of the developing fetus. [2]