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The pathophysiology of protein losing enteropathy is a result of plasma protein loss to the GI tract lumen. [2] PLE is a complication of a disorder, be it lymphatic obstruction or mucosal injury. [7] Protein losing enteropathy is a syndrome, characterized by a collection of signs and symptoms that are due to an underlying primary medical condition.
CHAPLE is characterized by severe protein-losing enteropathy leading to hypoproteinemia. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, and edema. [1] People also have chronic malabsorption, which causes deficiencies in iron, ferritin, calcium, magnesium, folate, vitamin D and vitamin B12. [1]
[2] 20% to 100% of patients, depending on time of presentation, develop a protein-losing gastropathy accompanied by low blood albumin and edema. [2] [3] Symptoms and pathological features of Ménétrier disease in children are similar to those in adults, but disease in children is usually self-limited and often follows respiratory infection. [4]
Protein deficiency affects 1 billion people worldwide and causes symptoms like fatigue, thinning hair, and muscle wasting.
The loss of proteins contributes to the development of protein-losing enteropathy, a major clinical manifestation of this disease. [4] Patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia present with a range of symptoms, significantly influenced by the extent of protein loss. [4] Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption are common symptoms. [4]
Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX syndrome, see FOXP3) Protein losing enteropathy [6] Radiation enteropathy [7] Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene; If the condition also involves the stomach, it is known as "gastroenteropathy". In pigs, porcine proliferative enteropathy is a diarrheal disease. [8]
Indeed, a 2020 review suggested that consuming a high protein diet was one safe and effective tool for weight loss, obesity prevention, and lowering the risks of obesity-related illnesses.
Broadly, protein-losing enteropathy can be caused by increased lymphatic pressure in the gastrointestinal tract as in lymphangiectasis, mucosal erosion-induced lack of absorption as in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and other diseases of malabsorption without mucosal erosions as in Celiac disease.