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Pay in the Roman army was defined by the annual stipendium received by a Roman soldier, of whatever rank he was, from the Republican era until the Later Roman Empire. It constituted the main part of the Roman soldier's income, who from the end of the Republic began to receive, in addition to the spoils of war , prize money called donativa .
By comparison tax officials calculated the annual cost of a soldier at 36 solidi covering pay, provisions, and equipment. [24] This was worth 500 silver denarii of the first century A.D. Even if inflated to boost gold income to pay mercenaries as replacements for Roman recruits it suggests a wide range of hidden costs.
After the death of Julius Caesar, the state demanded increased funds for the civil war and so reintroduced the tributum. [17] Citizens in the provinces had continued to pay unless they were subject to immunity, as was seen in the case of Egypt, [18] but that did not free them from their obligation to hand in a declaration for the census. [19]
[5] [6] Livy mentions that the stipendium was established in the year 407 BCE during the war with Veii; he states that the patricians in the Senate decreed that payment shall be provided for Roman soldiers from the coffers of the Senate. Previously, according to Livy, Roman soldiers had financed their own military service. [7]
The Roman Army: The Civil Wars 88-31 BC. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1846032622. Powell, Lindsay (2014). Roman Soldier vs Germanic Warrior: 1st Century AD. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472803498. Sheppard, Si (2020). Roman Soldier vs Parthian Warrior: Carrhae to Nisibis, 53 BC–AD 217. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978 ...
The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people, enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC–AD 476/AD 1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453).
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The war bonds were debt securities that would be issued by the government to finance the military operations and defense mechanisms during the time of a war. In practice, war can be financed through the creation of a fresh money supply adding additional money to the financial system and the function of these bonds were to help to control the ...