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Folds can have a fold axis. A fold axis "is the closest approximation to a straight line that when moved parallel to itself, generates the form of the fold". [2] (Ramsay 1967). A fold that can be generated by a fold axis is called a cylindrical fold. This term has been broadened to include near-cylindrical folds.
Fold axis plunge is measured in dip and dip direction (strictly, plunge and azimuth of plunge). The orientation of a fold axial plane is measured in strike and dip or dip and dip direction. Lineations are measured in terms of dip and dip direction, if possible. Often lineations occur expressed on a planar surface and can be difficult to measure ...
If the angle between the limbs is large (70–120 degrees), then the fold is an "open" fold, but if the angle between the limbs is small (30 degrees or less), then the fold is a "tight" fold. [4] If an anticline plunges (i.e., the anticline crest is inclined to the Earth's surface), it will form V s on a geologic map view that point in the ...
Intersection lineations are measured in relation to the two structures which intersect to form them. For instance, according to the measurement conventions of structural geology, original bedding, S 0 intersected by a fold's axial plane foliation, forms an intersection lineation L 0-1, with an azimuth and
The vergence of a fold lies parallel to the surrounding surfaces of a fold, so if these surrounding surfaces are not horizontal, the vergence of the fold will be inclined. For a fold, the direction and the extent to which vergence occurs can be calculated from the strike and dip of the axial surfaces, along with that of the enveloping surfaces ...
The evolution depends on fold kinematics, [1] Fold mechanism, [2] [3] as well as a reporting of the history behind folds and relationships by which fold age is understood. [4] There are several ways to reconstruct the evolution progress of folds, notably by using depositional evidence, geomorphological evidence and balanced restoration .
In the period fantasy world of Netflix’s “Shadow and Bone,” adapted from Leigh Bardugo’s best-selling book series, the country of Ravka is riven by a massive storm called the Fold, a ...
A synclinorium (plural synclinoriums or synclinoria) is a large syncline with superimposed smaller folds. [1] Synclines are typically a downward fold (synform), termed a synformal syncline (i.e. a trough), but synclines that point upwards can be found when strata have been overturned and folded (an antiformal syncline).