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Neutropenia is an abnormally low concentration of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood. [4] Neutrophils make up the majority of circulating white blood cells and serve as the primary defense against infections by destroying bacteria , bacterial fragments and immunoglobulin -bound viruses in the blood . [ 5 ]
Cisplatin is administered intravenously as short-term infusion in normal saline for treatment of solid and haematological malignancies. It is used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas (e.g., small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and ovarian cancer), lymphomas, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, [9] and germ cell tumors.
Lymphocytopenia is commonly caused by a recent infection, such as COVID-19. [3]Lymphocytopenia, but not idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia, is associated with corticosteroid use, infections with HIV and other viral, bacterial, and fungal agents, malnutrition, systemic lupus erythematosus, [4] severe stress, [5] intense or prolonged physical exercise (due to cortisol release), [6] rheumatoid ...
A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow/right), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange/left) – scale bar is 5 μm (false color). The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases.
[2] [43] The risk escalates greatly if more than one first-degree relative had the disease, and more modestly if they developed it before the age of 50. [4] Most of the genes involved have not been identified. [2] [44] Hereditary pancreatitis gives a greatly increased lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer of 30–40% to the age of 70. [3]
In addition to symptoms related to the actual cause, people with sepsis may have a fever, low body temperature, rapid breathing, a fast heart rate, confusion, and edema. [18] Early signs include a rapid heart rate, decreased urination , and high blood sugar .
Currently, C-reactive protein is not recommended as a cardiovascular disease screening test for average-risk adults without symptoms. [58] The American Heart Association and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have defined risk groups as follows: [59] [26] Low Risk: less than 1.0 mg/L; Average risk: 1.0 to 3.0 mg/L; High risk: above ...
The prevalence of the disease continues to increase, most dramatically in low- and middle-income nations. [18] Rates are similar in women and men, with diabetes being the seventh leading cause of death globally. [19] [20] The global expenditure on diabetes-related healthcare is an estimated US$760 billion a year. [21]