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Orangutan researcher Birutė Galdikas presenting her book about the apes. Orangutans were known to the native people of Sumatra and Borneo for millennia. The apes are known as maias in Sarawak and mawas in other parts of Borneo and in Sumatra. [13] While some communities hunted them for food and decoration, others placed taboos on such practices.
An orangutan will break off a tree branch that is about a foot long, snap off the twigs and fray one end with its teeth. [10] The orangutan will use the stick to dig in tree holes for termites. They will also use the stick to poke a bee's nest wall, move it around and catch the honey. In addition, orangutans use tools to eat fruit. [11]
An orangutan peeling a banana with its hand and foot. The Bornean orangutan diet is composed of over 400 types of food, including wild figs, durians (Durio zibethinus and D. graveolens), [29] leaves, seeds, bird eggs, flowers, sap, vines, [30] honey, fungi, spider webs, [30] insects, and, to a lesser extent than the Sumatran orangutan, bark.
Orangutans are one of the most expensive animals in this trade. Often, the poaching of orangutans is linked with the illegal pet trading, where it is highly common for poachers to kill adult females, and take the infant to sell on the black market. [21] According to a survey, hunters are paid approximately USD$80 to $200 for an infant orangutan ...
The Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) is a species of orangutan restricted to South Tapanuli in the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. [3] It is one of three known species of orangutan, alongside the Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii), found farther northwest on the island, and the Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus).
Orangutan Jungle School is a British documentary television series showcasing the journeys of several orphaned orangutans at the Nyaru Menteng Orangutan Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre in Kalimantan, Indonesia, which is run by the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation.
The phylogenetic split of Hominidae into the subfamilies Homininae and Ponginae is dated to the middle Miocene, roughly 18 to 14 million years ago.This split is also referenced as the "orangutan–human last common ancestor" by Jeffrey H. Schwartz, professor of anthropology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Arts and Sciences, and John Grehan, director of science at the Buffalo Museum.
A third species, the Tapanuli orangutan (P. tapanuliensis), was identified definitively in 2017. The orangutans are the only surviving species of the subfamily Ponginae, which diverged genetically from the other hominids (gorillas, chimpanzees and humans) between 19.3 and 15.7 million years ago.