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Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl 5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl 3 and POCl 3. PCl 5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride.
Phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentabromide, and phosphorus heptabromide are ionic in the solid and liquid states; PCl 5 is formulated as PCl 4 + PCl 6 –, but in contrast, PBr 5 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br −, and PBr 7 is formulated as PBr 4 + Br 3 −. They are widely used as chlorinating and brominating agents in organic chemistry.
White phosphorus, yellow phosphorus, or simply tetraphosphorus (P 4) is an allotrope of phosphorus. It is a translucent waxy solid that quickly yellows in light (due to its photochemical conversion into red phosphorus ), [ 2 ] and impure white phosphorus is for this reason called yellow phosphorus.
In chemistry, the term phosphonium (more obscurely: phosphinium) describes polyatomic cations with the chemical formula PR + 4 (where R is a hydrogen or an alkyl, aryl, organyl or halogen group). These cations have tetrahedral structures. The salts are generally colorless or take the color of the anions. [1]
Phosphoryl chloride (commonly called phosphorus oxychloride) is a colourless liquid with the formula P O Cl 3. It hydrolyses in moist air releasing phosphoric acid and fumes of hydrogen chloride . It is manufactured industrially on a large scale from phosphorus trichloride and oxygen or phosphorus pentoxide . [ 4 ]
Chemical formula. C 7 H 3 Cl N 2 O 5: Molar mass: ... 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride is prepared by the reaction of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid with phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphoric chloride difluoride can be made by the reaction of liquid phosphorus pentachloride with phosphorodifluoridic acid HPO 2 F 2 or diphosphoridic tetrafluoride P 2 O 3 F 4. This reaction takes place at room temperature up to 60 °C. The POF 2 Cl bubbles off as a gas, and can be condensed by cooling with dry ice-acetone mixture. [3]
Phosphorus trichloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PCl 3. A colorless liquid when pure, it is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. It is toxic and reacts readily with water to release hydrogen chloride.