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Invertebrate zoology is the subdiscipline of zoology that consists of the study of invertebrates, animals without a backbone (a structure which is found only in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals).
Non-craniate chordates are close relatives of vertebrates The lancelet , a small translucent fish-like Cephalochordate , is the closest living invertebrate relative of the vertebrates. [ 73 ] [ 74 ]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to zoology: . Zoology – study of animals.Zoology, or "animal biology", is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom, including the identification, structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.
Zoology (UK: / z u ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i / zoo-OL-ə-jee, US: / z oʊ ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i / zoh-OL-ə-jee) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the structure, embryology, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. Zoology is one of the primary ...
As a subphylum of chordates, all vertebrates have evolved a vertebral column (backbone) based around the embryonic notochord (which becomes the intervertebral discs), forming the core structural support of an internal skeleton, and also serves to enclose and protect the spinal cord.
The scientific study of animals is known as zoology, and the study of animal behaviour is known as ethology. The animal kingdom is divided into five infrakingdoms / superphyla , namely Porifera , Ctenophora , Placozoa , Cnidaria and Bilateria .
On the other hand, fossils of early chordates are very rare, as non-vertebrate chordates have no bone tissue or teeth, and fossils of no Post-Cambrian non-vertebrate chordates are known aside from the Permian-aged Paleobranchiostoma, trace fossils of the Ordovician colonial tunicate Catellocaula, and various Jurassic-aged and Tertiary-aged ...
The closest non-hemichordate relatives of the Enteropneusta are the echinoderms. [3] There are 111 known species of acorn worm in the world, [4] the main species for research being Saccoglossus kowalevskii. Two families—Harrimaniidae and Ptychoderidae—separated at least 370 million years ago. [5]