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The theory of impetus [1] is an auxiliary or secondary theory of Aristotelian dynamics, put forth initially to explain projectile motion against gravity. It was introduced by John Philoponus in the 6th century, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and elaborated by Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji at the end of the 12th century. [ 4 ]
The theory of impetus was taken up by Buridan in the 14th century. Philoponus and his contemporaries, Simplicius of Cilicia and Strato developed the Aristotelian concept of space further, eventually influencing the Renaissance theory of perspective, particularly the one highlighted by Leon Battista Alberti, and other architectural masters. [3] [11]
Jean Buridan (/ ˈ b j ʊər ɪ d ən /; [9] French:; Latin: Johannes Buridanus; c. 1301 – c. 1359/62) was an influential 14th‑century French philosopher.. Buridan taught in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris for his entire career and focused in particular on logic and on the works of Aristotle.
In the 14th century, Jean Buridan developed the theory of impetus as an alternative to the Aristotelian theory of motion. The theory of impetus was a precursor to the concepts of inertia and momentum in classical mechanics. [35] Buridan and Albert of Saxony also refer to Abu'l-Barakat in explaining that the acceleration of a falling body is a ...
"The Theory of impetus was an auxiliary or secondary theory of Aristotelian dynamics introduced to explain projectile motion against gravity, first by Hipparchus in antiquity and subsequently by Philoponus, and was the ancestor of the concept of momentum in classical mechanics.
6th century - John Philoponus introduces the concept of impetus [3] and The theory was modified by Avicenna in the 11th century and Ibn Malka al-Baghdadi in the 12th century; 6th century - John Philoponus says that by observation, two balls of very different weights will fall at nearly the same speed. He therefore tests the equivalence principle
Three stage theory of impetus according to Albert von Sachsen. Albert of Saxony's teachings on logic and metaphysics were extremely influential. The theory of impetus introduced a third stage to the two stage theory of John Philoponus. [3] Initial stage. Motion is in a straight line in direction of impetus which is dominant while gravity is ...
Buridan and the philosopher Albert of Saxony (c. 1320 – c. 1390) adopted Abu'l-Barakat's theory that the acceleration of a falling body is a result of its increasing impetus. [2] Influenced by Buridan, Albert developed a law of proportion regarding the relationship between the speed of an object in free fall and the time elapsed. [ 56 ]