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There can be other XML nodes outside of the root element. [4] In particular, the root element may be preceded by a prolog, which itself may consist of an XML declaration, optional comments, processing instructions and whitespace, followed by an optional DOCTYPE declaration and more optional comments, processing instructions and whitespace.
XML documents must contain a root element (one that is the parent of all other elements). All elements in an XML document can contain sub elements, text and attributes. The tree represented by an XML document starts at the root element and branches to the lowest level of elements.
In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
There is a single "root" element that contains all the other elements. A valid XML document is defined in the XML specification as a well-formed XML document which also conforms to the rules of a Document Type Definition (DTD). According to JavaCommerce.com XML tutorial, "Well formed XML documents simply markup pages with descriptive tags.
XML Base defines the xml:base attribute, which may be used to set the base for resolution of relative URI references within the scope of a single XML element. XML Information Set or XML Infoset is an abstract data model for XML documents in terms of information items. The infoset is commonly used in the specifications of XML languages, for ...
The opening <!DOCTYPE syntax is followed by separating syntax [3]: 403–404 (such as spaces, [3]: 297–298, 372 or (except in XML) comments opened and closed by a doubled ASCII hyphen), [3]: 372, 391 followed by a document type name [3]: 403–404 (i.e. the name of the root element that the DTD applies to trees descending from). In XML, the ...
Form, link and image elements could be referenced with a hierarchical name that began with the root document object. A hierarchical name could make use of either the names or the sequential index of the traversed elements. For example, a form input element could be accessed as either document.myForm.myInput or document.forms[0].elements[0].
XSD (XML Schema Definition), a recommendation of the World Wide Web Consortium , specifies how to formally describe the elements in an Extensible Markup Language document. It can be used by programmers to verify each piece of item content in a document, to assure it adheres to the description of the element it is placed in. [1]