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An Anglo-Austrian force under Lord William Bentinck captured Lucca soon after, forcing the pregnant Élisa to flee on the night of 13 March 1814. Élisa was forced to abdicate as Grand Duchess of Tuscany in favor of Grand Duke Ferdinand III's restoration. Élisa made several short stays in Italy and France, notably seeking support in Marseille ...
The House of Bourbon-Parma ruled over Tuscany in the form of the Kingdom of Etruria until their own deposition by forces of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807. Elisa Bonaparte become Duchess of her ancestral homeland in 1809 by appointment from her own second older brother and King of Italy, Napoleon himself.
Maria Luisa's firm intention was to obliterate every trace of the government of Elisa Bonaparte, who had ruled Lucca from 1805 to 1814 and who nominally succeeded Maria Luisa in Tuscany in 1808. As duchess, she promoted public works and culture in the spirit of enlightenment and during her government the sciences flourished.
On 3 March 1809, as part of the Treaty of Fontainebleau, her brother Napoleon created the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, with Elisa ruling as Grand Duchess of all Tuscany from Florence. The region had been annexed to the French Empire two years before, from the former Kingdom of Etruria (1801-1807).
Maria Anna (Elisa) Bonaparte (3 January 1777 – 7 August 1820), Grand Duchess of Tuscany (1804–1809); married Felice Pasquale Baciocchi on 5 May 1797. Louis Bonaparte (2 September 1778 – 25 July 1846), King of Holland (1806–1810); married Hortense de Beauharnais on 4 January 1802. A stillborn son (1779)
Monument to Maria Luisa di Borbone. The Monument to Maria Luisa di Borbone is a marble statuary group depicting the former Duchess of Lucca, sculpted by Lorenzo Bartolini, and located in the center of the piazza in front of the Ducal Palace of Lucca, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.
By RYAN GORMAN The British Royal family has instructed the unwashed American media masses on the proper way to dress when in the presence of Prince William and Princess Kate during their visit ...
902. Grand Duchess Consort Maria Pavlovna of Russia, née Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin; 903. Archduchess Louise of Austria-Tuscany, Crown Princess of Saxony; 904. Pauline, baronesa de Hoffmann; 905. María del Carmen Romero Castelló; 906. Elizabeth Wadsworth Van Rensselaer; 907. Isabel Francia y Carrió; 908. Elena Sarasin y Thomas; 909.