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HIV/AIDS explained in a simple way HIV replication cycle. After the virus enters the body, there is a period of rapid viral replication, leading to an abundance of virus in the peripheral blood. During primary infection, the level of HIV may reach several million virus particles per milliliter of blood. [101]
These dying cells are resting and thus are nonpermissive for productive HIV infection. Full viral replication was limited to the ~5% of activated CD4 T cells present in these tissues; these cells die by apoptosis. [10] Abortive HIV infection occurs due to slowing of reverse transcription promoting cytosolic DNA accumulation.
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [1] [2] a condition in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. [3]
HIV superinfection involves an individual with HIV being infected by a new, phylogenetically distinct HIV strain. [3] Early reports of HIV superinfection were observed in cases of co-infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2. [3] Studies have shown that a lack of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 infection predisposes patients to superinfection. [3]
An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...
In addition to HIV, HBV, and HCV, some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be transmitted to uninfected individuals due to the risky injection practices. [8] According to CDC, in 2013, sharing syringes was the cause of HIV infection in 3,096 out of the 47,352 patients who were newly diagnosed with the disease in the United States. [2]
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