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The C programming language soon spread beyond Unix, and is now ubiquitous in systems and applications programming. Early Unix developers were important in bringing the concepts of modularity and reusability into software engineering practice, spawning a "software tools" movement.
A Berkeley socket is an application programming interface (API) for Internet domain sockets and Unix domain sockets, used for inter-process communication (IPC). It is commonly implemented as a library of linkable modules. It originated with the 4.2BSD Unix operating system, which was released in 1983.
[8] Because FreeBSD is a Unix implementation, users can access a Unix shell and execute normal Unix commands. Junos runs on most or all Juniper hardware systems. [ 9 ] After acquisition of NetScreen by Juniper Networks, Juniper integrated ScreenOS security functions into its own Junos network operating system.
A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems. The shell is both an interactive command language and a scripting language , and is used by the operating system to control the execution of the system using shell scripts .
Version 4 AT&T UNIX command: Shell programming Mandatory Execute a simple command compress: Filesystem Optional (XSI) Compress data 4.3BSD cp: Filesystem Mandatory Copy files PDP-7 UNIX crontab: Misc Mandatory Schedule periodic background work System V csplit: Text processing Mandatory Split files based on context PWB UNIX ctags: C programming ...
Network programming traditionally covers different layers of OSI/ISO model (most of application-level programming belongs to L4 and up). The table below contains some examples of popular protocols belonging to different OSI/ISO layers, and popular APIs for them.
Multics is the first to use the now-standard concept of per-process stacks [disputed – discuss] in the kernel, with a separate stack for each security ring. It is also the first to have a command processor implemented as ordinary user code – an idea later used in the Unix shell.
A Unix architecture is a computer operating system system architecture that embodies the Unix philosophy. It may adhere to standards such as the Single UNIX Specification (SUS) or similar POSIX IEEE standard. No single published standard describes all Unix architecture computer operating systems — this is in part a legacy of the Unix wars.