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Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. [1] This takes place through a pilus. [2] [full citation needed] It is a parasexual mode of reproduction in bacteria. Escherichia coli conjugating using F-pili. These long and robust ...
Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction. [114] Under optimal conditions, bacteria can grow and divide extremely rapidly, and some bacterial populations can double as quickly as every 17 minutes. [ 115 ]
Sexual reproduction in early single-celled eukaryotes may have evolved from bacterial transformation, [24] or from a similar process in archaea (see below). On the other hand, bacterial conjugation is a type of direct transfer of DNA between two bacteria mediated by an external appendage called the conjugation pilus. [52]
Conjugative pili allow for the transfer of DNA between bacteria, in the process of bacterial conjugation.They are sometimes called "sex pili", in analogy to sexual reproduction, because they allow for the exchange of genes via the formation of "mating pairs".
Bacterial growth is proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Providing no mutation event occurs, the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell.
Most species of bacteria primarily undergo binary reproduction. Some species and groups of bacteria may undergo multiple fission as well, sometimes beginning or ending with the production of spores. [25] The species Metabacterium polyspora, a symbiont of guinea pigs, has been found to produce multiple endospores in each division. [26]
Bacteria have an enclosing cell wall, which provides strength and rigidity to their cells. They reproduce by binary fission or sometimes by budding, but do not undergo meiotic sexual reproduction. However, many bacterial species can transfer DNA between individual cells by a horizontal gene transfer process referred to as natural transformation ...
Transduction This is an illustration of the difference between generalized transduction, which is the process of transferring any bacterial gene to a second bacterium through a bacteriophage and specialized transduction, which is the process of moving restricted bacterial genes to a recipient bacterium. While generalized transduction can occur ...