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Psychoanalytical feminists believe that gender inequality comes from early childhood experiences, which lead men to believe themselves to be masculine, and women to believe themselves feminine. It is further maintained that gender leads to a social system that is dominated by males, which in turn influences the individual psycho-sexual development.
The central idea of feminist epistemology is that knowledge reflects the particular perspectives of the theory. The main interest of feminist philosophers is how gender stereotypes situate knowing subjects. They approach this interest from three different perspectives: feminist standpoint theory, feminist postmodernism, and feminist empiricism.
Suffragette, feminist; human rights campaigner; influential in labour rights and early days of UN: 1875–1939: Louisa Strittmater: United States: 1896: 1944: Feminist whose division of her estate to the National Woman's Party as listed in her will was controversially contested. [102] 1875–1939: Edith Summerskill, Baroness Summerskill: United ...
Care-focused feminism, alternatively called gender feminism, [20] is a branch of feminist thought informed primarily by the ethics of care as developed by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings. [19] This theory is critical of how caring is socially engendered, being assigned to women and consequently devalued.
Standpoint theory, also known as standpoint epistemology, [1] is a foundational framework in feminist social theory that examines how individuals' social identities (i.e. race, gender, disability status), influence their understanding of the world.
Judith Pamela Butler [1] (born February 24, 1956) is an American feminist philosopher and gender studies scholar whose work has influenced political philosophy, ethics, and the fields of third-wave feminism, [2] queer theory, [3] and literary theory.
Gender essentialism is a metaphysical theory which attributes distinct, intrinsic qualities to women and men. [1] [2] Based in essentialism, it holds that there are certain universal, innate, biologically (or psychologically) based features of gender that are at the root of many of the group differences observed in the behavior of men and women.
In this work, Sartre claims that the individual is the intersection of universal schemata and he rejects the idea of a pure individual. [15] Maurice Merleau-Ponty was another French philosopher who contributed many existential works to the field. Many following theorists, such as Judith Butler, critiqued his methods, including his sexual ...