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Tamahagane (玉鋼) is a type of steel made in the Japanese tradition. The word tama means 'precious', and the word hagane means 'steel'. [ 1 ] Tamahagane is used to make Japanese swords , daggers , knives , and other kinds of tools.
The steel used in sword production is known as tamahagane (玉鋼:たまはがね), or "jewel steel" (tama – ball or jewel, hagane – steel). Tamahagane is produced from iron sand, a source of iron ore, and mainly used to make samurai swords, such as the katana, and some tools. Diagram of a tatara and bellows
Tamahagane (玉鋼) is a general term for steel, not used prior to the Meiji Era, literally meaning "precious steel". Steel is smelted at Shimane facility for Japanese swords (nihontō (日本刀), commonly known as katana (刀)) by contemporary Japanese forge masters like Kihara Akira and Gassan Sadatoshi is still smelted in a tatara.
Katana are traditionally made from a specialized Japanese steel called tamahagane, [60] which is created from a traditional smelting process that results in several, layered steels with different carbon concentrations. [61] This process helps remove impurities and even out the carbon content of the steel.
The legitimate Japanese sword is made from Japanese steel "Tamahagane". [132] The most common lamination method the Japanese sword blade is formed from is a combination of two different steels: a harder outer jacket of steel wrapped around a softer inner core of steel. [133]
Once the iron has converted to steel, the clay vessel is broken and the steel bloom removed. Typically ten tons of iron sand yield 2.5 tones of tamahagane, or raw steel. This smelting process thus differs considerbly from that of the modern mass production of steel, and also differs from contemporary Chinese and Korean methods.