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The 1790s (pronounced "seventeen-nineties") was a decade that began on January 1, 1790, and ended on December 31, 1799. Considered as some of the Industrial Revolution 's earlier days, the 1790s called for the start of an anti-imperialist world , as new democracies such as the French First Republic and the United States began flourishing at ...
The 1790s were highly contentious. The First Party System emerged in the contest between Hamilton and his Federalist party, and Thomas Jefferson and his Republican party. Washington and Hamilton were building a strong national government, with a broad financial base, and the support of merchants and financiers throughout the country.
The transformation of political culture : Massachusetts parties, 1790s–1840s. New York : Oxford University Press, 1983. Appleby, Joyce Oldham. Capitalism and a new social order : the Republican vision of the 1790s. New York : New York University Press, 1984. Hebert, Catherine A. A survey of the French book trade in Philadelphia in the 1790s ...
The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788–1800 (1995), the standard political history of the 1790s online Freeman, Joanne B. et al. eds. Jeffersonians in Power : The Rhetoric of Opposition Meets the Realities of Governing (University of Virginia Press, 2019)
Political leaders on both sides were reluctant to label their respective faction as a political party, but distinct and consistent voting blocs emerged in Congress by the end of 1793. Jefferson's followers became known as the Republicans (or sometimes as the Democratic-Republicans) [21] and Hamilton's followers became the Federalists. [22]
This era was dominated by the Democratic-Republican party as the Federalists became irrelevant. The disastrous Panic of 1819 and the Supreme Court's McCulloch v. Maryland reanimated the disputes over the supremacy of state sovereignty and federal power, between strict construction of the US Constitution and loose construction. [9]
Though Federalists would never regain the political power they had held during the 1790s, the Marshall Court continued to reflect Federalist ideals until the 1830s. [102] After leaving office, John Adams reflected, "My gift of John Marshall to the people of the United States was the proudest act of my life."
Shawnee Chief Black Hoof (Catecahassa) was a staunch opponent of Tecumseh's confederation and an ally of the United States in the War of 1812.. The two principal adversaries in the conflict, Tecumseh and William Henry Harrison, had both been junior participants in the Battle of Fallen Timbers at the close of the Northwest Indian War in 1794.