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  2. Hypolimnetic aeration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypolimnetic_aeration

    The pH of drinking water has a threshold value of 6.5–9.5. pH values outside the neutral range (pH 6.5–7.5) are considered critical as they indicate the corrosion behavior of water. Slightly acidic water (pH 4–6.5) tends to corrode galvanized iron pipes, as well as copper and asbestos cement pipes, [ 6 ] in a process known as acid corrosion.

  3. Buffer solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solution

    A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. [1] Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical ...

  4. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    At 25 °C (77 °F), solutions of which the pH is less than 7 are acidic, and solutions of which the pH is greater than 7 are basic. Solutions with a pH of 7 at 25 °C are neutral (i.e. have the same concentration of H + ions as OH − ions, i.e. the same as pure water). The neutral value of the pH depends on the temperature and is lower than 7 ...

  5. Plumbosolvency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbosolvency

    Plumbosolvency of water can be countered by achieving a pH of 7.5 by increasing the pH with lime or sodium hydroxide (lye), or by providing a protective coating to the inside of lead pipes by the addition of phosphate at the water treatment works. While optimal pH for prevention of plumbosolvency is 7.5, performance remains very good in the ...

  6. Alkalinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalinity

    Addition (or removal) of CO 2 to a solution does not change its alkalinity, since the net reaction produces the same number of equivalents of positively contributing species (H +) as negative contributing species (HCO − 3 and/or CO 2− 3). Adding CO 2 to the solution lowers its pH, but does not affect alkalinity. At all pH values: CO 2 + H 2 ...

  7. Bjerrum plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerrum_plot

    Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...