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A number of effects are reported. [2] [3] [clarification needed] It is important to differentiate between physiological adaptations to mild hypoxia and re-oxygenation episodes (i.e., the IHT protocol) and frequent nocturnal suffocation awakenings produced by sleep apnea, which might result in various pathologies.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a serious medical symptom that can develop into worsening conditions. Many tests can be done in order to evaluate the cause of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Because it is commonly associated with heart failure, tests that may be run mainly focus on measuring the function and capability of the heart.
Silent hypoxia (also known as happy hypoxia) [115] [116] is generalised hypoxia that does not coincide with shortness of breath. [ 117 ] [ 118 ] [ 119 ] This presentation is known to be a complication of COVID-19 , [ 120 ] [ 121 ] and is also known in atypical pneumonia , [ 122 ] altitude sickness, [ 123 ] [ 124 ] [ 125 ] and rebreather ...
In patients failing CPAP and oral appliances, surgical treatment with conservative uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) as salvage surgery is recommended. Randomized controlled studies of the efficacy of UPPP are published, showing effect on nocturnal respiration and excessive daytime sleepiness, [119] and a systematic Meta-analysis. [120]
One treatment for obstructive hypopnea is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP is a treatment in which the patient wears a mask over the nose and/or mouth. An air blower forces air through the upper airway. The air pressure is adjusted so that it is just enough to maintain the oxygen saturation levels in the blood.
Intermittent hypoxia (also known as episodic hypoxia) is an intervention in which a person or animal undergoes alternating periods of normoxia and hypoxia. Normoxia is defined as exposure to oxygen levels normally found in Earth's atmosphere (~21% O 2 ) and hypoxia as any oxygen levels lower than those of normoxia.
[92] [70] Low doses of oxygen are also used as a treatment for hypoxia but are discouraged due to side effects. [98] [99] [100] In December 2024, the FDA approved tirzepatide, an anti-diabetic and weight loss medication, as a component in the combination treatment of adults with obesity suffering from moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea ...
Shortness of breath (SOB), known as dyspnea (in AmE) or dyspnoea (in BrE), is an uncomfortable feeling of not being able to breathe well enough. The American Thoracic Society defines it as "a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity", and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of its distinct ...