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In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation in which an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, then removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and enabling a man's sperm to fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.
Infertility rates have increased by 4% since the 1980s, mostly from problems with fecundity due to an increase in age. [89] Fertility problems affect one in seven couples in the UK. Most couples (about 84%) who have regular sexual intercourse (that is, every two to three days) and who do not use contraception get pregnant within a year.
During an infertility work-up a hysterosalpingogram, an X-ray procedure that uses a contrast agent to image the fallopian tubes, shows the retort-like shape of the distended tubes and the absence of spillage of the dye into the peritoneum. If, however, there is a tubal occlusion at the utero-tubal junction, a hydrosalpinx may go undetected.
The first recorded case of artificial insemination was John Hunter in 1790, who helped impregnate a linen draper's wife. [1] [2] The first reported case of artificial insemination by donor occurred in 1884: William H. Pancoast, a professor in Philadelphia, took sperm from his "best looking" student to inseminate an anesthetized woman without her knowledge.
The overall pregnancy rate after adhesiolysis was 60% and the live birth rate was 38.9% according to one study. [46] Age is another factor contributing to fertility outcomes after treatment of AS. For women under 35 years of age treated for severe adhesions, pregnancy rates were 66.6% compared to 23.5% in women older than 35. [43]
Tubal factors cause 25-30% of infertility cases. [1] Tubal factor is one complication of chlamydia trachomatis infection in women. [2] Sexually transmitted chlamydia and genital mycoplasma infections are preventable causes of infertility and negative pregnancy outcomes. When the infections progress and ascend, they can result in TFI.
It's not common for women to have babies in their mid- to late 40s, Dr. Jamie Grifo, director of NYU Langone Fertility Center and division director of reproductive endocrinology and infertility ...
A clinical definition of infertility by the WHO and ICMART is "a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse." [58] Infertility can further be broken down into primary and secondary infertility.