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  2. Analog-to-digital converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter

    An ADC with an intermediate FM stage first uses a voltage-to-frequency converter to produce an oscillating signal with a frequency proportional to the voltage of the input signal, and then uses a frequency counter to convert that frequency into a digital count proportional to the desired signal voltage. Longer integration times allow for higher ...

  3. Horizontal blanking interval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_blanking_interval

    CRT screens display images by moving beams of electrons very quickly across the screen. Once the beam of the monitor has reached the edge of the screen, it is switched off, and the deflection circuit voltages (or currents) are returned to the values they had for the other edge of the screen; this would have the effect of retracing the screen in ...

  4. Quantization (signal processing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_(signal...

    An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be modeled as two processes: sampling and quantization. Sampling converts a time-varying voltage signal into a discrete-time signal, a sequence of real numbers. Quantization replaces each real number with an approximation from a finite set of discrete values.

  5. Effective number of bits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_number_of_bits

    Effective number of bits (ENOB) is a measure of the real dynamic range of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), digital-to-analog converter (DAC), or associated circuitry. . Although the resolution of a converter may be specified by the number of bits used to represent the analog value, real circuits however are imperfect and introduce additional noise and distor

  6. Coordinated Video Timings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Video_Timings

    Coordinated Video Timings (CVT; VESA-2013-3 v1.2 [1]) is a standard by VESA which defines the timings of the component video signal.Initially intended for use by computer monitors and video cards, the standard made its way into consumer televisions.

  7. Integral nonlinearity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_nonlinearity

    Integral nonlinearity (acronym INL) is a commonly used measure of performance in digital-to-analog (DAC) and analog-to-digital (ADC) converters. In DACs, it is a measure of the deviation between the ideal output value and the actual measured output value for a certain input code.

  8. Time-to-digital converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-to-digital_converter

    The voltage on the capacitor v is directly proportional to the time interval T and can be measured with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The resolution of such a system is in the range of 1 to 10 ps. [12] Although a separate ADC can be used, the ADC step is often integrated into the interpolator.

  9. Pulse-code modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation

    The sine wave is sampled at regular intervals, shown as vertical lines. For each sample, one of the available values (on the y-axis) is chosen. The PCM process is commonly implemented on a single integrated circuit called an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This produces a fully discrete representation of the input signal (blue points) that ...