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  2. Mathematics of artificial neural networks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_artificial...

    A widely used type of composition is the nonlinear weighted sum, where () = (()), where (commonly referred to as the activation function [3]) is some predefined function, such as the hyperbolic tangent, sigmoid function, softmax function, or rectifier function. The important characteristic of the activation function is that it provides a smooth ...

  3. Double descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_descent

    Double descent in statistics and machine learning is the phenomenon where a model with a small number of parameters and a model with an extremely large number of parameters both have a small training error, but a model whose number of parameters is about the same as the number of data points used to train the model will have a much greater test ...

  4. Activation function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_function

    The activation function of a node in an artificial neural network is a function that calculates the output of the node based on its individual inputs and their weights. Nontrivial problems can be solved using only a few nodes if the activation function is nonlinear .

  5. Hyperparameter optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperparameter_optimization

    In machine learning, hyperparameter optimization [1] or tuning is the problem of choosing a set of optimal hyperparameters for a learning algorithm. A hyperparameter is a parameter whose value is used to control the learning process, which must be configured before the process starts.

  6. Neural network (machine learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network_(machine...

    In machine learning, a neural network (also artificial neural network or neural net, abbreviated ANN or NN) is a model inspired by the structure and function of biological neural networks in animal brains. [1] [2] An ANN consists of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in the brain. Artificial ...

  7. Machine learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning

    Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data, and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions. [1]

  8. Delta rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_rule

    In machine learning, ... Note that the output of the th neuron, , is just the neuron's activation function applied to the neuron's input . We can ...

  9. Rectifier (neural networks) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier_(neural_networks)

    The LogSumExp function is ⁡ (, …,) = ⁡ (+ +) and its gradient is the softmax; the softmax with the first argument set to zero is the multivariable generalization of the logistic function. Both LogSumExp and softmax are used in machine learning.