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A dragonfly in its radical final moult, metamorphosing from an aquatic nymph to a winged adult.. In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is a process by which an animal casts off parts of its body to serve some beneficial purpose, either at specific times of the year, or at specific points in ...
A slough in Nebraska in the United States A slough in Maxwell Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota in the United States. A slough (/ s l uː / ⓘ [1] [2] or / s l aʊ / ⓘ) [1] [2] [3] is a wetland, usually a swamp or shallow lake, often a backwater to a larger body of water. [4] Water tends to be stagnant or may flow slowly on a ...
Plant roots can anchor into cracks in bedrock through soil mass and can pass through weak areas to more stable soils to provide interlocking long-fibre binders in weak soil blocks. [7] It requires 137 tons of forces to break a soil mass reinforced by linden, which 130 tones are used to break the roots and only 7 tons are required to lead to ...
A tomato greenhouse in the Netherlands. The advantage of mesocosm studies is that environmental gradients of interest (e.g., warming temperatures) can be controlled or combined to separate and understand the underlying mechanism(s) affecting the growth or survival of species, populations or communities of interest.
Hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism used by plants to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens.HR is characterized by the rapid death of cells in the local region surrounding an infection and it serves to restrict the growth and spread of pathogens to other parts of the plant.
Based on these experiments, he devised criteria for establishing a causal link between a microorganism and a disease and these are now known as Koch's postulates. [18] Although these postulates cannot be applied in all cases, they do retain historical importance to the development of scientific thought and are still being used today.
A plant morphologist makes comparisons between structures in many different plants of the same or different species. Making such comparisons between similar structures in different plants tackles the question of why the structures are similar. It is quite likely that similar underlying causes of genetics, physiology, or response to the ...
Plant ecophysiology is concerned largely with two topics: mechanisms (how plants sense and respond to environmental change) and scaling or integration (how the responses to highly variable conditions—for example, gradients from full sunlight to 95% shade within tree canopies—are coordinated with one another), and how their collective effect on plant growth and gas exchange can be ...