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[13] [16] Both oral/systemic and more recently topical formulations of minocycline are available to treat acne. [13] [17] Historically, oral minocycline has been an effective treatment for acne vulgaris. [18] However, acne that is caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a growing problem in many countries. [19]
Minocycline belongs to the tetracycline family of antibiotics and exhibits antimicrobial properties and anti-inflammatory activity, similar to other members of this class, such as doxycycline. Topical minocycline reduces inflammatory lesions associated with rosacea; however, rare adverse events such as folliculitis have been reported. [33]
Some adults also experience teeth discoloration (mild grey hue) after use. They are, however, safe to use in the first 18 weeks of pregnancy. [13] [14] Some patients taking tetracyclines require medical supervision because they can cause steatosis and liver toxicity. [15] [16] [17]
Acne scars are caused by inflammation within the dermis and are estimated to affect 95% of people with acne vulgaris. [32] Abnormal healing and dermal inflammation create the scar. [33] Scarring is most likely to take place with severe acne but may occur with any form of acne vulgaris. [32]
[18] [19] Acne vulgaris is the disease most commonly associated with C. acnes infection. [ citation needed ] Cutibacterium acnes is one of the most common and universal skin diseases, affecting more than 45 million individuals in the United States. 20% of all dermatologist visits are related to treating acne-related issues.
Following a 40-year break in discovering classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibiotics were introduced to clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and lipiarmycins (such as fidaxomicin).
The first report of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) occurred in 1981, and in 1982, a large outbreak of CA-MRSA occurred among intravenous drug users in Detroit, Michigan. [17] Additional outbreaks of CA-MRSA were reported through the 1980s and 1990s, including outbreaks among Australian Aboriginal populations that had never been exposed to ...
In addition to testosterone, isotretinoin may also precipitate acne fulminans, possibly related to highly increased levels of C acnes antigens in the patient's immune system. [3] Acne fulminans is a rare disease. Over the past several years, fewer cases of this disease have occurred, possibly because of earlier and better treatment of acne.