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Atenolol is classified as a beta blocker with low lipophilicity and hence lower potential for crossing the blood–brain barrier and entering the brain. [44] This in turn may result in fewer effects in the central nervous system as well as a lower risk of neuropsychiatric side effects. [44] Only small amounts of atenolol are said to enter the ...
Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset and gout. [3] Serious side effects may include liver problems, pancreatitis, and psychosis. [3] Use is not recommended during pregnancy. [3] Use during breastfeeding may harm the baby. [2] Atenolol works by blocking β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing the heart rate and ...
Regarding non-cardiac side effects, they can cause nausea, headache, fatigue, dry mouth, and dry eyes. [4] In rare cases, confusion , memory loss , and sexual dysfunction are reported. [ 12 ] Additionally, beta 1 blockers can mask hypoglycaemia-induced tachycardia in diabetic patients, potentially leading to hypoglycaemic unawareness and ...
However, the serotonin receptor antagonism has side effects such as weight gain and impaired movement. [11] Hence, alpha-2 blockers are not used clinically due to its extensive binding. Similar to the alpha-1 blocker, the alpha-2 family will also present the first-dose effect , but it is generally less pronounced compared with the alpha-1 blockers.
Adrenergic antagonists reverse the natural cardiovascular effect, based on the type of adrenoreceptor being blocked. For example, if the natural activation of the α 1 -adrenergic receptor leads to vasoconstriction , an α 1 -adrenergic antagonist will result in vasodilation .
What puberty is for eating disorders in adolescence, menopause is for eating disorders in midlife, according to a 2023 review of recent literature on the epidemiology and treatment of eating ...
Side effects associated with phentolamine include headache, flushing, and nasal congestion. [23] Benign prostate hyperplasia, a disease in which urinary retention becomes an issue. Alpha-1 blockers can be used, but it can result in side effects such as increased urination and retrograde ejaculation.
Some reports in a review supported by Novo Nordisk suggested that semaglutide may decrease the risk of kidney disease over the long term. But there were also a few reports of folks taking GLP-1s ...