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  2. Observational error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_error

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  3. Instrument error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_error

    If the users know the amount of the systematic error, they may decide to adjust for it manually rather than having the instrument expensively adjusted to eliminate the error: e.g. in the above example they might manually reduce all the values read by about 4.8%.

  4. Accuracy and precision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision

    While precision is a description of random errors (a measure of statistical variability), accuracy has two different definitions: More commonly, a description of systematic errors (a measure of statistical bias of a given measure of central tendency, such as the mean). In this definition of "accuracy", the concept is independent of "precision ...

  5. Errors and residuals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errors_and_residuals

    For example, if the mean height in a population of 21-year-old men is 1.75 meters, and one randomly chosen man is 1.80 meters tall, then the "error" is 0.05 meters; if the randomly chosen man is 1.70 meters tall, then the "error" is −0.05 meters.

  6. Bias (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias_(statistics)

    In educational measurement, bias is defined as "Systematic errors in test content, test administration, and/or scoring procedures that can cause some test takers to get either lower or higher scores than their true ability would merit." [16] The source of the bias is irrelevant to the trait the test is intended to measure.

  7. Sampling error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_error

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  8. Selection bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias

    Selection bias is the bias introduced by the selection of individuals, groups, or data for analysis in such a way that proper randomization is not achieved, thereby failing to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of the population intended to be analyzed. [1] It is sometimes referred to as the selection effect.

  9. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    An example of this is the IKEA effect, ... In human–robot interaction, the tendency of people to make systematic errors when interacting with a robot. People may ...