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Seeds will be dispersed following the ingestion and passing of the seed as waste product by a bird, or more commonly, ants will remove the seeds from the fruit by chewing on the fruit. If a bird does get to the seed first, the ants will retrieve the seeds from the ground below, return the seeds to the nesting spot, and plant them on their ...
The artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus), [1] also known by the other names: French artichoke, globe artichoke, and green artichoke. In the United States, [2] it is a variety of a species of thistle cultivated as food. The edible portion of the plant consists of the flower buds before the flowers come into bloom.
Myrmecotrophy, meaning "ant-fed," is the ability of plants to absorb nutrients from debris piles left by ant nests or, in the case of Nepenthes bicalcarata, from ant egesta. [13] The tropical tree Cecropia peltata obtains 98% of its nitrogen from the waste deposited by its ant counterparts.
Myrmecochory is exhibited by more than 3,000 plant species worldwide [3] and is present in every major biome on all continents except Antarctica. [4] Seed dispersal by ants is particularly common in the dry heath and sclerophyll woodlands of Australia (1,500 species) and the South African fynbos (1,000 species).
Myrmecophilous aphids being tended by ants. Myrmecophily (/ m ɜːr m ə ˈ k ɒ f ə l i / mur-mə-KOF-ə-lee, lit. ' love of ants ') consists of positive, mutualistic, interspecies associations between ants and a variety of other organisms, such as plants, other arthropods, and fungi.
Little fire ants, or Wasmannia auropunctata, are an invasive species from South America—first found on Hawaii island in 1999—that can deliver painful stings and potentially blind pets.
Myrmecodia tuberosa, the ant plant, is a species of epiphytic plant in the family Rubiaceae. [2] [1] [3] The species has a symbiotic relationship with some ant species where ants use the hollow body of the plant as shelter, defend the plant from other insects, and provide nutrients to the plant through their waste.
Jerusalem artichokes are so well-suited for the European climate and soil that the plant multiplies quickly. By the mid-1600s, the Jerusalem artichoke had become a very common vegetable for human consumption in Europe and the Americas and was also used for livestock feed in Europe and colonial America. [11]