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According to Robert's Rules of Order, a widely used guide to parliamentary procedure, a meeting is a gathering of a group of people to make decisions. [1] This sense of "meeting" may be different from the general sense in that a meeting in general may not necessarily be conducted for the purpose of making decisions.
Henry M. Robert. A U.S. Army officer, Henry Martyn Robert (1837–1923), saw a need for a standard of parliamentary procedure while living in San Francisco.He found San Francisco in the mid-to-late 19th century to be a chaotic place where meetings of any kind tended to be tumultuous, with little consistency of procedure and with people of many nationalities and traditions thrown together.
Erskine May's Parliamentary Practice is used and often referred to as "Erskine May" in the United Kingdom, and influential in other countries that use the Westminster system. In the United States terms used are parliamentary law, parliamentary practice, legislative procedure, rules of order, or Robert's rules of order. [2]
Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised by Henry Martyn Robert describes the following characteristics of a deliberative assembly: [4] A group of people meets to discuss and make decisions on behalf of the entire membership. They meet in a single room or area, or under equivalent conditions of simultaneous oral communication.
Deliberative assemblies – bodies that use parliamentary procedure to arrive at decisions – use several methods of voting on motions (formal proposal by members of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take certain action). The regular methods of voting in such bodies are a voice vote, a rising vote, and a show of hands.
The decisions made by members present at a meeting are the official acts in the name of the organization. [2] [6] According to RONR, this rule is considered to be a "fundamental principle of parliamentary law". [11] Exceptions for absentee voting would have to be expressly provided for in the organization's rules. [14]