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Identity management theory provides a comprehensive lens through which individuals navigate the intricate process of identity negotiation. The phases of anticipation, interaction, retrospection, adaptation, and termination offer a systematic understanding of how individuals strategically manage their identities in the ever-evolving landscape of ...
Identity negotiation refers to the processes through which people reach agreements regarding "who is who" in their relationships. Once these agreements are reached, people are expected to remain faithful to the identities they have agreed to assume. The process of identity negotiation thus establishes what people can expect of one another.
Face negotiation theory is a theory conceived by Stella Ting-Toomey in 1985, to understand how people from different cultures manage rapport and disagreements. [1] The theory posited " face ", or self-image when communicating with others, [ 1 ] as a universal phenomenon that pervades across cultures.
Cultural contracts first appeared in Communication Quarterly in 1999. Dr. Ronald L. Jackson came up with the original idea while negotiating a deal for a new house. [3] He was fascinated by the general outline of a contract and was interested in identity as a communication researcher, so the process struck a chord with him and made him think about how cultural diversity functions in our society.
For example, when negotiating with people in China, a negotiator should be aware of the Thirty-Six Stratagems which may be employed. [15]: 436–444 A 2020 literature review found significant differences in negotiation styles across various cultures, suggesting that negotiators must adapt their strategies based on cultural contexts.
It demonstrates how individuals display conflict management styles when they handle disagreement. The Thomas-Kilmann model suggests five modes that guide individuals in resolving conflicts. These are collaborating, competing, compromising, accommodating, and avoiding. [4] [5] Collaborating means both sides are willing to cooperate and listen to ...
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution.Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective ...
The high degree of tolerance for power distance in interdependent societies reflects the tendency to shun arrogance and consider humility as a virtue at all times in collectivist societies. The tolerance for power distance also has practical implication, for instance, in the tourist decision-making styles.