Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Thermodynamic work is one of the principal kinds of process by which a thermodynamic system can interact with and transfer energy to its surroundings. This results in externally measurable macroscopic forces on the system's surroundings, which can cause mechanical work, to lift a weight, for example, [1] or cause changes in electromagnetic, [2] [3] [4] or gravitational [5] variables.
This article uses the physics sign convention for work, where positive work is work done by the system. Using this convention, by the first law of thermodynamics, The yellow area represents the work done = + where W is work, U is internal energy, and Q is heat. [1] Pressure-volume work by the closed system is defined as:
For a closed system, the total change in energy of a system is the sum of the work done and the heat added: = +. The reversible work done on a system by changing the volume is =, where is the pressure, and is the volume.
One of the fundamental thermodynamic equations is the description of thermodynamic work in analogy to mechanical work, or weight lifted through an elevation against gravity, as defined in 1824 by French physicist Sadi Carnot. Carnot used the phrase motive power for work.
Therefore, a quantity of work in such a system can be related almost directly to an equivalent quantity of heat in a cycle of two limbs. The first limb is an isochoric adiabatic work process increasing the system's internal energy; the second, an isochoric
In thermodynamics, the phase rule is a general principle governing multi-component, multi-phase systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.For a system without chemical reactions, it relates the number of freely varying intensive properties (F) to the number of components (C), the number of phases (P), and number of ways of performing work on the system (N): [1] [2] [3]: 123–125
That a state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium of a body have a well defined internal energy, that is postulated by the first law of thermodynamics. The universality of the law of conservation of energy. The recognition of work as a form of energy transfer. The universal irreversibility of natural processes. The existence of adiabatic ...
An isochoric thermodynamic quasi-static process is characterized by constant volume, i.e., ΔV = 0. The process does no pressure-volume work, since such work is defined by =, where P is pressure. The sign convention is such that positive work is performed by the system on the environment.