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Through observations of children, Jean Piaget established a theory of cognitive development. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development there are four stages of cognitive development. [8] [9] Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 24 Months) Preoperational Stage (24 Months to 7 Years) Concrete Operational Stage (7 Years to 12 Years)
Age appropriateness is considered essential for children's skills development. Children's motor, cognitive and social skills are formed through several development stages. Looking at a child's functional development involves observing whether or not the child has mastered certain developmental milestones and expectations for their age.
8–12 months: Coordination of secondary circular reactions – This is deemed the most important for the cognitive development of the child. At this stage the child understands causality and is goal-directed. The very earliest understanding of object permanence emerges, as the child is now able to retrieve an object when its concealment is ...
An explorative study found, however, that 3- to 5-month-old infants can be taught independent standing, which was considered safe. [32] Passes objects between hands. [31] Some infantile reflexes, such as the palmar grasp reflex, go away. [31] Grabs objects using a raking grasp, where fingers rake at objects to pick them up. [31]
The babbling period ends at around 12 months because it is the age when first words usually occur. However, individual children can show large variability, and this timeline is only a guideline. From birth to 1 month, babies produce mainly pleasure sounds, cries for assistance, and responses to the human voice. [14]
The DDST-II was adapted for use in Sri Lankan Children after a study was conducted in 2011, standardizing values among 4,251 children between the ages of 0–80 months. [15] Other countries that have conducted studies in order to standardize the DDST to their populations include Singapore, [ 15 ] Georgia, [ 16 ] and Brazil [ 17 ] where it was ...