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The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a structure in the brain located in the medial temporal lobe.The EC is composed of six distinct layers. The superficial (outer) layers, which include layers I through III, are mainly input layers that receive signals from other parts of the EC, but also project to hippocampal structures via the perforant path.
"Reptilian complex" (also known as the "R-complex", "reptilian brain" or "lizard brain") was the name MacLean gave to the basal ganglia, structures derived from the floor of the forebrain during development. The term derives from the idea that comparative neuroanatomists once believed that the forebrains of reptiles and birds were dominated by ...
The trigeminal ganglion contains cell bodies of the pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve which extend their axons both distally/peripherally into the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve on the one end, and proximally/centrally to the brainstem on the other end; the trigeminal root extends from the trigeminal ganglion to the ventrolateral aspect of the pons.
It is located anterior and lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. [citation needed] It is continuous caudally with the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi. [4] The PPRF (and adjacent regions of the pons) are traversed by fibers projecting to the abducens nucleus that mediate smooth pursuit, vestibular reflexes, and gaze holding. [5]: 498
Evidence for the role of astrocytes in the integration and processing of synaptic integration presents itself in a number of ways: Astrocytes are excitable cells: In response to stimuli from any of the three components of the tripartite synapse, astrocytes are capable of producing transient changes in their intracellular calcium concentrations through release of calcium stores from the ...
The three major branches of the trigeminal nerve—the ophthalmic nerve (V 1), the maxillary nerve (V 2) and the mandibular nerve (V 3)—converge on the trigeminal ganglion (also called the semilunar ganglion or gasserian ganglion), located within Meckel's cave and containing the cell bodies of incoming sensory-nerve fibers.
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The left opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus is a part of the articulatory network involved in motor syllable programs. The articulatory network also contains the premotor cortex, and the anterior insula.