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A map of Gaul in the 1st century BC, showing the relative positions of the Celtic ethnicities: Celtae, Belgae and Aquitani. Expansion of the Celtic culture in the 3rd century BC. The Druids were not the only political force in Gaul, however, and the early political system was complex, if ultimately fatal to the society as a whole.
The Chemin de Cocaigne was a Gallo-Roman way of Gaul in what is now France, later restored under the Carolingians, running from the Cotentin peninsula of what would become Normandy, skirting Brittany, to Gascony in the southwest of Gaul, beyond Aquitaine. The section called the chemin gravelais ("gravelled road") linked Normandy and Anjou.
Normandy (French: Normandie; Norman: Normaundie or Nouormandie) [note 2] is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular Normandy (mostly the British Channel Islands).
Map of Gaul c.59 BC, showing Gallic tribes in green, and the Roman Republic in yellow. The Gauls were made up of many tribes who controlled a particular territory and often built large fortified settlements called oppida. After completing the conquest of Gaul, the Roman Empire made most of these tribes civitates.
Map of Briton settlements in the 6th-century, including what became Brittany and Britonia (in Spain). Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History (4.17.105), claims that Armorica was the older name for Aquitania and states Armorica's southern boundary extended to the Pyrenees. Taking into account the Gaulish origin of the name, that is perfectly ...
Inset: cross shows location of Alesia in Gaul (modern France). The circle shows the weakness in the north-western section of the fortifications. Alesia was the capital of the Mandubii, one of the Gallic tribes allied with the Aedui. The Celtic oppidum was conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars and afterwards became a Gallo-Roman town.
Even after their defeat at Alesia, the people of Normandy continued to fight until 51 BC, the year Caesar completed his conquest of Gaul. Below is a list of Gallic tribes, whose territories correspond to later Normandy, and their administrative centers: Abrincates (Ingena, modern-day Avranches), Aulerci Eburovices (Mediolanum, modern-day Evreux),
The Via Domitia was the first Roman road built in Gaul, to link Italy and Hispania through Gallia Narbonensis, across what is now Southern France.The route that the Romans regularised and paved was ancient when they set out to survey it, and traces the mythic route travelled by Heracles.