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Sequential minimal optimization (SMO) is an algorithm for solving the quadratic programming (QP) problem that arises during the training of support-vector machines (SVM). It was invented by John Platt in 1998 at Microsoft Research. [1] SMO is widely used for training support vector machines and is implemented by the popular LIBSVM tool.
Another common method is Platt's sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm, which breaks the problem down into 2-dimensional sub-problems that are solved analytically, eliminating the need for a numerical optimization algorithm and matrix storage. This algorithm is conceptually simple, easy to implement, generally faster, and has better ...
For many algorithms that solve these tasks, the data in raw representation have to be explicitly transformed into feature vector representations via a user-specified feature map: in contrast, kernel methods require only a user-specified kernel, i.e., a similarity function over all pairs of data points computed using inner products.
Whereas the SVM classifier supports binary classification, multiclass classification and regression, the structured SVM allows training of a classifier for general structured output labels. As an example, a sample instance might be a natural language sentence, and the output label is an annotated parse tree. Training a classifier consists of ...
The hyperplane learned in feature space by an SVM is an ellipse in the input space. In machine learning , the polynomial kernel is a kernel function commonly used with support vector machines (SVMs) and other kernelized models, that represents the similarity of vectors (training samples) in a feature space over polynomials of the original ...
In machine learning, a ranking SVM is a variant of the support vector machine algorithm, which is used to solve certain ranking problems (via learning to rank). The ranking SVM algorithm was published by Thorsten Joachims in 2002. [1] The original purpose of the algorithm was to improve the performance of an internet search engine.
The test functions used to evaluate the algorithms for MOP were taken from Deb, [4] Binh et al. [5] and Binh. [6] The software developed by Deb can be downloaded, [ 7 ] which implements the NSGA-II procedure with GAs, or the program posted on Internet, [ 8 ] which implements the NSGA-II procedure with ES.
Gradient descent can also be used to solve a system of nonlinear equations. Below is an example that shows how to use the gradient descent to solve for three unknown variables, x 1, x 2, and x 3. This example shows one iteration of the gradient descent. Consider the nonlinear system of equations