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This post-translational modification occurs in all animals and bromine is an essential trace element for humans. [19] Eosinophils need bromide for fighting multicellular parasites. Hypobromite is produced via eosinophil peroxidase, an enzyme that can use chloride but preferentially uses bromide. [20] The average concentration of bromide in ...
Potassium bromide (K Br) is a salt, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with over-the-counter use extending to 1975 in the US. Its action is due to the bromide ion (sodium bromide is equally effective). Potassium bromide is used as a veterinary drug, in antiepileptic medication for dogs.
Potassium bromide and sodium bromide were used as anticonvulsants and sedatives in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but were gradually superseded by chloral hydrate and then by the barbiturates. [29] In the early years of the First World War, bromine compounds such as xylyl bromide were used as poison gas. [30]
Sodium bromide is widely used for the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas. It is a source of the bromide nucleophile to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides by the Finkelstein reaction: NaBr + RCl → RBr + NaCl (R = alkyl)
Hydrogen bromide can also be used to convert alcohols to alkyl bromides. This reaction, that must be done under low temperature conditions, is employed in the industrial synthesis of allyl bromide: HOCH 2 CH=CH 2 + HBr → BrCH 2 CH=CH 2 + H 2 O. Methyl bromide, another fumigant, is generated from methanol and hydrogen bromide.
Silver bromide (AgBr). Nearly all elements in the periodic table form binary bromides. The exceptions are decidedly in the minority and stem in each case from one of three causes: extreme inertness and reluctance to participate in chemical reactions (the noble gases, with the exception of xenon in the very unstable XeBr 2; extreme nuclear instability hampering chemical investigation before ...
The state administered a three-drug protocol of midazolam, vecuronium bromide and potassium chloride to complete the execution. Littlejohn was declared dead by at 10:17 a.m., according to Oklahoma ...
These may be metal salts containing bromide ion such as potassium bromide, or more covalent bromides of metals or nonmetals such as tantalum(V) bromide or phosphorus tribromide. See also [ edit ]