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Middle-class and women were confined to an idle domestic existence, supervising servants; lower-class women were forced to take poorly paid jobs. Capitalism had a negative effect on many women. [98] In a more positive interpretation, Ivy Pinchbeck argues that capitalism created the conditions for women's emancipation. [99]
Islam made the education of women a sacred obligation [68] Women, far from being barred from study of Islam's holy book, were urged to learn to read it as were men. Women in Islam played an important role in the foundations of many Islamic educational institutions , such as Fatima al-Fihri 's founding of the University of Al Karaouine in 859.
In overall Europe during the Middle Ages, women were inferior to men in legal status. [80] Throughout medieval Europe, women were pressured to not attend courts and leave all legal business affairs to their husbands. In the legal system, women were regarded as the property of men so any threat or injury to them was the duty of their male guardians.
In the pre-colonial era, women were politically active. Women were largely included in important decision-making processes, as women were central figures whose commercial activities were engrained in the cultural fabric of their societies. [3] They governed the home, which was a very important role with significant power.
Afghanistan: The age of marriage for women was raised to sixteen, dowries are made the property of the wife, women are appointed judges in family courts and numerous professions, such as flight attendants, police officers, telephone operators and receptionists, are opened to women. [85] Mexico: Women gain the right to stand for election.
Women taking part in a pro-democracy sit-in in Sitra, Bahrain. Women played a variety of roles in the Arab Spring, but its impact on women and their rights is unclear. The Arab Spring was a series of demonstrations, protests, and civil wars against authoritarian regimes that started in Tunisia and spread to much of the Arab world.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, a new breed of women started to emerge from the depths of circus tents around the world: the strong-woman. These women quickly drew large crowds of circus lovers ...
The effects of violence against women; Human Rights Watch claims that a lot of women all across the world are faced to toxic environment at work where they encounter a variety of unwanted sexual acts. [62] This effects women in a long-term, from physical and mental health to public engagement. [60] A barrier to women's growth value and a factor ...