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At high temperatures, the resistance of a metal increases linearly with temperature. As the temperature of a metal is reduced, the temperature dependence of resistivity follows a power law function of temperature. Mathematically the temperature dependence of the resistivity ρ of a metal can be approximated through the Bloch–Grüneisen ...
Copper has a very linear resistance–temperature relationship; however, copper oxidizes at moderate temperatures and cannot be used over 150 °C (302 °F). [citation needed] The significant characteristic of metals used as resistive elements is the linear approximation of the resistance versus temperature relationship between 0 and 100 °C.
Temperature dependence of the mean free path has an exponential form /. The presence of the reciprocal lattice wave vector implies a net phonon backscattering and a resistance to phonon and thermal transport resulting finite λ L, [50] as it means that momentum is not conserved. Only momentum non-conserving processes can cause thermal resistance.
The SI unit of absolute thermal resistance is kelvins per watt (K/W) or the equivalent degrees Celsius per watt (°C/W) – the two are the same since the intervals are equal: ΔT = 1 K = 1 °C. The thermal resistance of materials is of great interest to electronic engineers because most electrical components generate heat and need to be cooled.
Kittel [8] gives some values of L ranging from L = 2.23×10 −8 V 2 K −2 for copper at 0 °C to L = 3.2×10 −8 V 2 K −2 for tungsten at 100 °C. Rosenberg [ 9 ] notes that the Wiedemann–Franz law is generally valid for high temperatures and for low (i.e., a few Kelvins) temperatures, but may not hold at intermediate temperatures.
Also called chordal or DC resistance This corresponds to the usual definition of resistance; the voltage divided by the current R s t a t i c = V I. {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {static} }={V \over I}.} It is the slope of the line (chord) from the origin through the point on the curve. Static resistance determines the power dissipation in an electrical component. Points on the current–voltage ...
(room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) calculated 562 nΩm ... 29 Cu copper; use 2.15 nΩm 15.43 nΩm 16.78 nΩm 17.12 nΩm 17.25 nΩm 30.90 nΩm
International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) pure =1.7×10 −8 Ω•m =58.82×10 6 Ω −1 •m −1. For main article, see: Copper in heat exchangers. The TPRC recommended values are for well annealed 99.999% pure copper with residual electrical resistivity of ρ 0 =0.000851 μΩ⋅cm. TPRC Data Series volume 1 page 81. [8]