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The straight leg raise is a test that can be performed during a physical examination, with the leg being lifted actively by the patient or passively by the clinician. If the straight leg raise is done actively by the patient, it is a test of functional leg strength, particularly the rectus femoris element of the quadriceps (checking both hip flexion and knee extension strength simultaneously).
Extending the knee joint (often called a straight leg raise) [4] increases the demands of leverage on both hip and spine flexors. It also allows the rectus femoris muscle to contribute, for both the supine straight leg raise and the hanging straight leg raise versions, although the muscle will be in active insufficiency in the latter case.
The leg curl is performed while lying face down on a bench, by raising a weight with the feet towards the buttocks. This is an isolation exercise for the hamstrings. [5] Equipment Dumbbell, cable machine or leg curl machine. Major variants Seated (using a leg curl machine variant); standing (one leg at a time).
Involuntary extension of the "normal" leg occurs when flexing the contralateral leg against resistance. To perform the test, the examiner should hold one hand under the heel of the "normal" limb and ask the patient to flex the contralateral hip against resistance (while the patient is supine), asking the patient to keep the weak leg straight while raising it.
Distraction tests: positive tests are rechecked when the patient's attention is distracted, such as a straight leg raise test; Regional disturbances: regional weakness or sensory changes which deviate from accepted neuroanatomy; Overreaction: subjective signs regarding the patient's demeanor and reaction to testing
A straight-knee calf raise is often done using the leg press machine. The sledge is kept nearly locked out and the exerciser is meant to keep the hip and knee joints immobile. This is not a bodyweight exercise, the only body part actually being lifted is the small weight of the foot. The resistance comes from the sledge.
However, Lasègue noted that he could tell malingerers apart from patients experiencing real sciatic pain by just conducting the leg raise test. [7] Although Lasègue was the one to emphasize its presence in sciatica and the importance it held for diagnostics, it was his student named Forst in 1881 who first described the sign.
The Thomas test is a physical examination test, named after the Welsh orthopaedic surgeon, Hugh Owen Thomas (1834–1891), to rule out hip flexion contracture (fixed partial flexion of the hip) and psoas syndrome (injury to the psoas muscle).