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where is the viscosity of the solvent, is the concentration, and is a positive constant which depends on both solvent and solute properties. However, this expression is only valid for very dilute solutions, having c {\displaystyle c} less than 0.1 mol/L. [ 58 ] For higher concentrations, additional terms are necessary which account for higher ...
In many applications of diffusiophoresis, the motion is driven by gradients in the concentration of a salt (electrolyte) concentration, [2] [3] such as sodium chloride in water. Colloidal particles in water are typically charged, and there is an electrostatic potential, called a zeta potential at their surface.
The dilute gas viscosity contribution to the total viscosity of a fluid will only be important when predicting the viscosity of vapors at low pressures or the viscosity of dense fluids at high temperatures. The viscosity model for dilute gas, that is shown above, is widely used throughout the industry and applied science communities.
The Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation, also known as Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann–Hesse equation or Vogel–Fulcher equation (abbreviated: VFT equation), is used to describe the viscosity of liquids as a function of temperature, and especially its strongly temperature dependent variation in the supercooled regime, upon approaching the glass transition.
Understanding the temperature dependence of viscosity is important for many applications, for instance engineering lubricants that perform well under varying temperature conditions (such as in a car engine), since the performance of a lubricant depends in part on its viscosity.
Intrinsic viscosity [] is a measure of a solute's contribution to the viscosity of a solution.If is the viscosity in the absence of the solute, is (dynamic or kinematic) viscosity of the solution and is the volume fraction of the solute in the solution, then intrinsic viscosity is defined as the dimensionless number [] = It should not be confused with inherent viscosity, which is the ratio of ...
As a result, the viscosity increases exponentially as a function of concentration and then diverges at a critical concentration. This has been referred to as the "Mayonnaise effect", [ 6 ] as the viscosity of mayonnaise (essentially a solution of oil in water) is extremely high because of the jamming of micrometer-scale droplets.
In isolation, is the specific viscosity of a solution at a given concentration. The Huggins equation is valid when [] is much smaller than 1, indicating that it is a dilute solution. [2] The Huggins coefficient used in this equation is an indicator of the strength of a solvent.